Microsurgery
Nerve Repair and GraftingPeripheral nerve injuries can cause profound disability, affecting movement, sensation, and quality of life. Nerve repair and grafting are central to restoring function, whether through direct tension-free repair or grafting to bridge larger defects. Advances in microsurgery, bioengineered grafts, and regenerative therapies have transformed outcomes, yet challenges such as neuroma formation, donor site morbidity, and incomplete recovery remain. This article explores the history, anatomy, mechanisms of injury, principles of healing, surgical techniques, and future directions in nerve reconstruction—highlighting how innovation and multidisciplinary collaboration continue to push the boundaries of restoring function after nerve injury.